The isogenies used by Decaf are parameterized in terms of \(a_1, d_1\). In the Decaf paper, these are written as \(a, d\), but they're relabeled here to avoid confusion between Decaf and Ristretto parameters.

As noted in the Decaf paper, the Jacobi quartic \(\mathcal J = \mathcal J_{a_1^2, a_1 - 2d_1} \) is \(2\)-isogenous to the Edwards curve \(\mathcal E_1 = \mathcal E_{a_1,d_1}\) via the isogeny \[ \phi(s,t) = \left( \frac {2s} {1 + a_1 s^2} ,\quad \frac {1 -a_1 s^2}{t} \right) \] with dual \[ \hat \phi(x,y) = \left( \frac x y ,\quad \frac {2 - y^2 - a_1 x^2} {y^2}\right). \] It is also \(2\)-isogenous to the Montgomery curve \( \mathcal M_{B,A} \) where \( B = a_1 \), \( A = 2 - 4d_1/a_1\), via the isogeny \[ \psi(s,t) = \left( \frac 1 {a_1 s^2} ,\quad \frac {-t} {a_1 s^3} \right), \] with dual \[ \hat \psi(u,v) = \left ( \frac {1 - u^2} { 2 a_1 v } ,\quad \frac {a_1 (u + 1)^4 + 8 d_1 u(u^2 +1) } {4 a_1^2 v^2 } \right). \]

When \((A+2)/a_2B\) is a square, the curve \(\mathcal M_{B,A}\) is isomorphic (\(1\)-isogenous) to the curve \(\mathcal E_2 = \mathcal E_{a_2, d_2} \) with \[ a_2 = \pm 1, \qquad d_2 = a_2 \frac{A-2}{A+2} \] via the map \[ \eta (u,v) = \left( \frac u v \left( \pm \sqrt{ \frac {A+2} {a_2 B} }\right) ,\quad \frac {u - 1} {u + 1} \right) \] with inverse (dual) \[ \hat \eta (x,y) = \left( \frac {1+y}{1-y} ,\quad \frac {1+y}{1-y} \frac 1 x \left( \pm \sqrt {\frac {B a_2} {A+2}} \right) \right). \] Note that there are actually two maps, one for each choice of square root. The parameters \(a_1, d_1\) and \(a_2, d_2\) are related by \[ \begin{aligned} a_2 &= -a_1 & a_1 &= -a_2 \\ d_2 &= \frac {a_1 d_1} {a_1 - d_1} & d_1 &= \frac {a_2 d_2 }{a_2 - d_2}, \\ \end{aligned} \] so that \[ \mathcal J_{a_1^2, a_1 - 2d_1} = \mathcal J = \mathcal J_{a_2^2, -a_2\frac{a_2+d_2}{a_2-d_2}} \]

The composition \( \theta = \eta \circ \psi \) gives a \(2\)-isogeny from \(\mathcal J\) to \(\mathcal E_2 \), which can be written in terms of the \(\mathcal E_2 \) parameters \(a_2, d_2\) as $$ \theta_{a_2,d_2}(s,t) = \left( \frac{1}{\sqrt{a_2d_2-1}} \cdot \frac{2s}{t},\quad \frac{1+a_2s^2}{1-a_2s^2} \right), $$ with dual $$ \hat{\theta}_{a_2,d_2} : (x,y) \mapsto \left( \sqrt{a_2d_2-1} \cdot \frac{xy}{1-a_2x^2}, \frac{y^2 + a_2x^2}{1-a_2x^2} \right). $$